Ethiopia

Printing technique that transfers the inked image(offsets) to rubber blanket from a plate, then later to a printing surface. Combined with lithographic process based on water and oil repulsion, this technique attracts a film that is water based to keep the non-printing area ink free. Offset lithography was initially created to cut down expenses when reproducing artwork.

In 1981 Patti Aster opened the first art gallery in East Village. She helped launch the careers of several various artists and musicians. It all started out as a small gallery, but began to gain popularity and pop up more frequently, and eventually making East Village the starting point for other art movements such as Neo-Expressionism and Street Art. The Gallery closed in 1985 due to loss of interest.

Grupo Ruptura was an organization formed in Brazil by artists who wished to break away from the old forms of naturalist painting in favor of geometric abstract art. The seven published their Ruptura Manifesto, early in the 1950s, advocating “new art for a new country”.