Sam Francis

Untitled, 1984

106.7 X 73 inch

What is patina?

What is patina?

Patina is the distinctive greenish surface that bronze develops over time due to exposure to air and humidity. Artists can also apply chemicals to bronze to artificially create patina. Alternatively, bronze can be polished to reveal its natural rich gold color. Patina is not exclusive to bronze; it can also occur on other metals like copper and even on wood and stone, enhancing the material's character over time.

Photorealism

Photorealism is a genre of art or artistic movement that involves drawing, painting, and other graphic media in which the artist carefully studies a photograph and attempts to reproduce it as realistically as possible in another medium. While the term can broadly describe any artwork created in this manner, it specifically refers to a group of painters and paintings in the U.S. art movement that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Happening

A Happening is a term used to describe artistic and theatrical events held by artists in the 1950s and 60s. These events were typically staged in gallery installations or planned environments and often involved audience participation, along with elements like lighting, sounds, and slide projections. Happenings were a precursor to performance art, which later included the active participation of the artists themselves.

Manifesto Invencionista

The Manifesto Invencionista was published in 1946, marking the beginning of the concrete art movement in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Written by artist Tomás Maldonado and published by the Asociación Arte Concreto-Invención, the manifesto announced the principles of Concrete Art. Concrete art is purely abstract, with no reference to visual reality, emphasizing geometric forms and the materiality of the artwork itself.

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