What is patina?
Patina is the distinctive greenish surface that bronze develops over time due to exposure to air and humidity. Artists can also apply chemicals to bronze to artificially create patina. Alternatively, bronze can be polished to reveal its natural rich gold color. Patina is not exclusive to bronze; it can also occur on other metals like copper and even on wood and stone, enhancing the material's character over time.
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New Topographics is a term coined in 1975 by curator William Jenkins to describe a group of photographers whose work focused on formal black-and-white images of urban and industrial landscapes. Jenkins initially described their aesthetic as banal, but the photographers themselves argued that their compositions were as significant as those of natural landscapes, emphasizing the beauty in everyday, man-made environments.
Stuckism is an art movement that promotes figurative painting over conceptual art. It was founded in 1999 by Charles Thomson and Billy Childish with an initial group of 13 artists in Britain. The movement has since expanded to 52 countries with 233 groups worldwide. Several manifestos, issued by Thomson and Childish, advocate for the spirit of modernism and the creation of spiritual art, regardless of medium, subject matter, or style. Stuckism emphasizes the importance of genuine expression and rejects the dominance of conceptual art in the contemporary art scene.
