
What is Grupo Frente?
Grupo Frente was a movement founded in 1954 in Brazil by teaching artist Ivan Serpa. The movement included many students from the Rio de Janeiro Museum of Modern Art and sought to reject the nationalism and figuration present in the modernist forms of Brazilian painting. Grupo Frente emphasized experimentation and abstraction, aiming to explore new artistic possibilities beyond traditional constraints.
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Papier-mâché is a composite material made from pieces of paper or pulp, reinforced with textiles and bound with adhesives like starch, wallpaper paste, or glue. There are two main methods to create papier-mâché: one involves layering strips of paper soaked in adhesive, while the other uses a pulp made by boiling or soaking paper and then adding glue. Though each method has a different process, both yield similar results.
