Sam Francis

Untitled, 1984

106.7 X 73 inch

What is Grupo Frente?

What is Grupo Frente?

Grupo Frente was a movement founded in 1954 in Brazil by teaching artist Ivan Serpa. The movement included many students from the Rio de Janeiro Museum of Modern Art and sought to reject the nationalism and figuration present in the modernist forms of Brazilian painting. Grupo Frente emphasized experimentation and abstraction, aiming to explore new artistic possibilities beyond traditional constraints.

Papier-mâché

Papier-mâché is a composite material made from pieces of paper or pulp, reinforced with textiles and bound with adhesives like starch, wallpaper paste, or glue. There are two main methods to create papier-mâché: one involves layering strips of paper soaked in adhesive, while the other uses a pulp made by boiling or soaking paper and then adding glue. Though each method has a different process, both yield similar results.

Photograph

A photograph is an image captured with a camera. Traditionally, photographs were made by exposing film and then developing the image on light-sensitive paper using chemicals. Today, photographs can also be captured digitally and printed or displayed electronically. The process requires a camera, whether film or digital, and a photographer.

Drawing / Watercolor

Drawing and watercolor are two traditional art techniques which stand alone as media, but are often used in conjunction with each other. Drawing can create the basic outlines for watercolor painting. Drawing over dried watercolor or using watercolor pencils are combined media techniques.

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