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Grupo Frente was a movement founded in 1954 Brazil by teaching artist Ivan Serpa. Many students at the Rio de Janeiro Museum of Modern Art participated in the movement, which sought to reject the nationalism and figuration in modernist forms of Brazilian painting.

Futurism was an early twentieth century art movement seeking to capture the energy of the modern world. Italian Filippo Tommaso Marinetti published his Manifesto of Futurism on February 20, 1909, launching the modernist movement. It denounced the past, and embraced technology and industry.

A movement in modern German painting, it's the third generation and relates to how Germany today post-reunification looks like. The movement for the new Leipzig school is linked to people like Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig. Unlike the first generation of Leipzig paintings, the third generation do not have clear characteristics and messages. Instead, the paintings are a combination of figurative and abstract elements, making creativity come to the forefront.