Sam Francis

Untitled, 1984

106.7 X 73 inch

What is wax?

What is wax?

Wax is a solid material derived from plant, animal, and petroleum sources. It is used to protect paints from wear, create sculptures, make wax crayons and colored pencils, and for encaustic painting. In encaustic painting, colored beeswax is shaped with special tools to create textured, raised surfaces.

Nouveau Realism

Nouveau Réalisme is an artistic movement founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany and painter Yves Klein during a collective exhibition at a gallery in Milan. Restany wrote the original manifesto in April 1960, proclaiming the movement. In October of that year, nine artists, including Martial Raysse, Yves Klein, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely, Arman, Pierre Restany, and three Ultra-Lettrists—Jacques de la Villeglé, François Dufrêne, and Raymond Hains—signed the declaration. In 1961, the movement expanded to include Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint Phalle, Gérard Deschamps, and César. The movement emphasized a return to reality in art, often incorporating everyday objects and exploring the boundaries between art and life.

Political pop

Political Pop was an art movement that emerged in China during the 1980s, blending the Pop Art style of Western countries with the socialist realism of China. This movement arose during a time of rapid social and political change in China, as artists sought to create works that questioned and critiqued these cultural shifts. Political Pop often juxtaposed iconic images from Chinese propaganda with Western consumer culture, highlighting the tensions between tradition and modernization.

Avant-garde

Avant-garde refers to innovative and experimental ideas in the arts that challenge established norms and conventions. Originating from the French term for advance guard, it describes both the movement and the artists who push the boundaries of creativity, often exploring new techniques, forms, and concepts. The avant-garde has been a driving force in various art movements throughout history, such as Dadaism, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism, continually reshaping the landscape of art and culture.

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